Spelling Nouns

1. Adding –s to nouns

Most nouns simply add an –s​​ to form the plural​​ 

book → books,​​ 

computer → computers,​​ 

cat → cats, edge → edges

The exceptions are:

​​ Add​​ –es​​ to nouns ending in:​​ 

–s or –ss: bus → buses, business → businesses

–x: tax → taxes, fox → foxes, box → boxes

–ch: church → churches, match → matches​​ except: stomach → stomachs

–sh: leash → leashes, dish → dishes

Nouns ending in​​ –o​​ can add either –s​​ or –es

 zero → zeros,​​ studio →​​ studios, potato​​ → potatoes, tomato → tomatoes

But:​​ ghetto → ghettos/ghettoes, flamingo → flamingos/flamingoes

Nouns that end in a​​ consonant + -y​​ change the –y to​​ –ies

​​  baby → babies, story → stories, country → countries 

Nouns that end in a​​ vowel + -y​​ (-ay/-ey/ -oy/ -uy) only add​​ –s​​ 

 ​​ monkey → monkeys, tray → trays, toy → toys, day → days

​​ 

Nouns that end in​​ –f​​ or​​ –fe​​ change to​​ –ves

 knife → knives, half → halves